遵義播宏獼猴桃有限公司花粉廠引進的首條獼猴桃花粉生產(chǎn)線，試車成功，正式投用。The first kiwi pollen production line introduced by Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Co., Ltd.'s pollen factory has been successfully tested and officially put into operation.
遵義播宏獼猴桃有限公司花粉廠的建立，以及該花粉生產(chǎn)線的投用，彌補了中國西南地區(qū)之前沒有自動化生產(chǎn)獼猴桃雄花花粉工廠的空缺，對促進貴州獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)科學(xué)、合理、健康發(fā)展，進一步提高遵義地區(qū)獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)，具有極其重大的意義。The establishment of the pollen factory of Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Co., Ltd. and the operation of the pollen production line have filled the gap in the lack of automated production of kiwifruit male flower pollen factories in southwestern China. It is of great significance to promote the scientific, rational, and healthy development of the kiwifruit industry in Guizhou and further improve the kiwifruit industry in Zunyi.
▲Kiwi male and female flowers 獼猴桃雄株、雌花
獼猴桃為雌雄異株植物，這一特性決定了其授粉過程需要借助外界力量。在自然條件下，獼猴桃主要依靠風(fēng)力和昆蟲進行授粉，但由于獼猴桃花粉粒大，在空中散播距離短，且花朵缺少蜜腺，對昆蟲吸引力較弱，僅依靠風(fēng)力和昆蟲進行的自然授粉往往無法滿足其授粉需求。此外，獼猴桃的花期較短，一般為 3 - 5 天，且開放較為集中。Kiwi is a dioecious plant, which determines that its pollination process requires external forces. Under natural conditions, kiwifruit mainly relies on wind and insects for pollination. However, due to the large size of kiwifruit pollen grains, short dispersal distance in the air, and the lack of nectar glands in flowers, their attraction to insects is weak. Natural pollination relying solely on wind and insects often cannot meet their pollination needs. In addition, the flowering period of kiwifruit is relatively short, usually 3-5 days, and the opening is more concentrated.
▲The pollination method of kiwifruit used in China in the past 以前中國采用的獼猴桃授粉方式
若花期遭遇陰雨低溫、大風(fēng)等不良天氣，或者雌雄花期不遇等情況，極易造成雌株授粉受精不良，導(dǎo)致坐果率低、果實偏小、果實畸形、品質(zhì)差、減產(chǎn)甚至絕收，嚴重影響果園的產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟效益。例如，在一些山區(qū)栽培獼猴桃，由于栽培面積小、栽培分散，花粉來源不穩(wěn)定，加之受環(huán)境因素影響較大，授粉問題更為突出。If the flowering period encounters adverse weather conditions such as rainy, low temperature, strong winds, or if the male and female flowering periods do not meet, it is very easy to cause poor pollination and fertilization of female plants, resulting in low fruit setting rate, small fruit size, fruit deformity, poor quality, reduced yield or even no harvest, seriously affecting the yield and economic benefits of the orchard. For example, in some mountainous areas where kiwifruit is cultivated, the pollination problem is more prominent due to the small cultivation area, scattered cultivation, unstable pollen sources, and significant environmental factors.
▲Macaque peach blossoms in full bloom
據(jù)了解，獼猴桃花期在每年的3月中旬至5月中旬，而該時期正是遵義地區(qū)的多雨季節(jié)，使得果園中雄花晚開，造成雌雄花期不遇，或者授粉不充分，直接影響座果率，果型大小，及果實口感。為了提高座果率，降低病害，推動獼猴桃全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈建設(shè)。It is reported that the flowering period of kiwifruit is from mid March to mid May every year, which is the rainy season in Zunyi area. This causes the male flowers in the orchard to bloom late, resulting in a lack of male and female flowering periods or insufficient pollination, directly affecting the fruit setting rate, fruit size, and fruit taste. In order to improve fruit setting rate, reduce diseases, and promote the construction of the entire kiwifruit industry chain.
▲Electric air-blowing pollination machinery is used to pollinate kiwifruit
目前，遵義播宏獼猴桃有限公司在三岔鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展種植了400畝獼猴桃雄株園。通過該生產(chǎn)線對花朵進行破碎分離、烘干、旋風(fēng)提純、脫毒等步驟，每年能產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量無病害的活性花粉400余公斤，并能實現(xiàn)全年供貨，將徹底解決獼猴桃生產(chǎn)中人工授粉，產(chǎn)量低、成本高、品質(zhì)差、不耐儲運等難題。At present, Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Co., Ltd. has developed and planted 400 acres of male kiwifruit orchards in Sancha Town. By using this production line to crush and separate flowers, dry them, purify them by cyclone, and detoxify them, more than 400 kilograms of high-quality, disease-free active pollen can be produced annually, and supply can be achieved throughout the year. This will completely solve the problems of low yield, high cost, poor quality, and poor storage and transportation resistance caused by artificial pollination in kiwifruit production.
▲獼猴桃花粉制造加工流程 Manufacturing and processing flow of kiwi pollen
我們的雄性是六倍體雄性，因此含有6組染色體（6x），使其適合為以下品種授粉：徐香、瑞玉、翠香、海沃德（上述品質(zhì)均為6倍體）、佳沛陽光金果（4倍體）以及東紅、紅陽、R19寶石紅（2倍體）。6x倍體的雄花粉能夠為相同或低倍體的獼猴桃雌花授粉。Our males are hexaploid males, therefore containing 6 sets of chromosomes (6x), making them suitable for pollination of the following varieties: Xuxiang, Ruiyu, Cuixiang, Hayward (all of the above qualities are hexaploid), Jiapei Sunshine Golden Fruit (4-fold), and Donghong, Hongyang, R19 Gemstone Red (2-fold). Male pollen with 6x ploidy can pollinate kiwifruit female flowers with the same or lower ploidy.
▲獼猴桃果園常見的授粉方式
本地生產(chǎn)花粉可以有效減少花粉運輸?shù)臅r間，使得貴州各果園基地能夠在更適宜的時間使用活性更高的花粉進行授粉，全面提高各個果園的產(chǎn)量，和果實的品質(zhì)，進一步促進獼猴桃全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，提升貴州地區(qū)獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力，提升果農(nóng)收入。該生產(chǎn)線產(chǎn)出的花粉不僅能滿足貴州地區(qū)獼猴桃果園的需求，還能為四川、重慶等省市的獼猴桃果園提供高質(zhì)量花粉。Local production of pollen can effectively reduce the transportation time of pollen, allowing various orchard bases in Guizhou to use more active pollen for pollination at more suitable times, comprehensively improving the yield and fruit quality of each orchard, further promoting the development of the kiwi industry, enhancing the competitiveness of the kiwi industry in Guizhou, and increasing the income of fruit farmers. The pollen produced by this production line can not only meet the demand of kiwifruit orchards in Guizhou, but also provide high-quality pollen for kiwifruit orchards in provinces and cities such as Sichuan and Chongqing.
▲where to buy kiwi pollen
“近年來貴州繼續(xù)圍繞農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)革命‘八要素’，深入推進農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，把獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)作為綠色生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)、特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)、脫貧主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)村振興產(chǎn)業(yè)來進行重點打造?！蔽磥?，貴州要以建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)為載體推動集聚發(fā)展，以品牌打造和主體培育為抓手推動共享發(fā)展，以全產(chǎn)業(yè)建設(shè)為重點推動融合發(fā)展，努力在2020年把獼猴桃種植面積擴大到80萬畝，力爭100萬畝，產(chǎn)量30萬噸以上，切實把有機獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)打造成為助推脫貧攻堅、鄉(xiāng)村振興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。In recent years, Guizhou has continued to focus on the "eight elements" of the rural industrial revolution, deeply promoted agricultural structural adjustment, and focused on building the kiwifruit industry as a green ecological industry, characteristic advantage industry, poverty alleviation leading industry, and rural revitalization industry. In the future, Guizhou will promote agglomeration development through the establishment of modern agricultural industrial parks, promote shared development through brand building and subject cultivation, and promote integrated development through the construction of the entire industry. Efforts will be made to expand the kiwifruit planting area to 800000 mu by 2020, striving for 1 million mu and a yield of over 300000 tons, and effectively build the organic kiwifruit industry into a pillar industry to promote poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
▲剛完成授粉的紅心獼猴桃幼果
（紅心獼猴桃授粉方法）
（獼猴桃花粉電動授粉器）
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