摘要: 目的 研究軟棗獼猴桃雄株不同發(fā)育階段花粉含量與活力，分析不同干燥前預(yù)處理方法對花粉加工效率的影響及干燥溫度對花粉活力的影響，以優(yōu)化軟棗獼猴桃花粉生產(chǎn)加工工藝。
方法 以軟棗獼猴桃雄株品系遼農(nóng)3-1為試材，比較開花前5、4、3、2、1 d和開花1 d花（花蕾）的花粉含量及花粉活力；對6種干燥前預(yù)處理方法（不處理、剝?nèi)』ㄋ?、勻漿機(jī)3 s、勻漿機(jī)2 s、勻漿機(jī)1 s和手工掰開成兩半）進(jìn)行比較；研究在22 、25 、28 ℃等3種溫度條件下花蕾的干燥速度及花粉活力的差異。
結(jié)果 隨著花的發(fā)育，花粉量急速增多，在開花前2 d時花粉可采集量最多，為1.276%，之后隨著花藥的破裂，可采集花粉量迅速降低，呈現(xiàn)二次冪曲線形態(tài)?；ɡ俑稍锴邦A(yù)處理方法選用勻漿機(jī)勻漿1 s打碎花蕾，即可短時間內(nèi)有效打碎花蕾，縮短花蕾干燥時間，同時精粉中雜質(zhì)含量少，是有效可行的處理方法?；ɡ傧鄬Ω少|(zhì)量＜23%時，水分減少趨緩，呈現(xiàn)干燥狀態(tài)，隨著干燥溫度的升高，干燥用時縮短，28 ℃條件下干燥用時為13 h，花蕾相對干質(zhì)量為22.98%，且花粉活力與22 ℃和25 ℃散出花粉沒有顯著性差異。
結(jié)論 大量采集軟棗獼猴桃雄株花粉，可優(yōu)先選擇開花前2 d花蕾，使用勻漿機(jī)勻漿1 s處理，然后在28 ℃條件下干燥后，使用精粉提取機(jī)制取花粉。
關(guān)鍵詞: 軟棗獼猴桃、雄株、花粉、散粉特性
Abstract: Objective The pollen content and vitality of male Actinidia arguta at different stages of flower development, the effect of different pre-treatment methods before drying on pollen processing rate, and the effect of drying temperature on pollen vitality were studied in order to optimize the production and processing technology of Actinidia arguta. Method Using the ‘Liaonong 3-1’ of Actinidia arguta as testmaterials, The pollen content and pollen viability of flowers (buds) 5 d, 4 d, 3 d, 2 d, 1 d before flowering and flowering 1 d were compared;Six drying pretreatment methods were compared: no treatment, peeling anther, homogenizer 3 s, homogenizer 2 s, homogenizer 1 s and manual breaking in half; The difference of drying speed and pollen viability of flower buds at 22 ℃, 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ was studied.Result With the development of flowers, the amount of pollen increased rapidly and the maximum amount of pollencollected was 1.276% at 2 d before flowering. Then,with the breakdown of antherium, the amount of pollen that could be collected decreased rapidly, showing a quadratic power curve.Pre-treatment method before drying of buds using homogenizer 1 s to break buds can effectively break buds in a short time, shorten the drying time of buds, and the impurity content in fine powder was less, which was an effective and feasible treatment method.When the relative dry weight of the flower bud was less than 23%, the water content decreased gradually, and the drying time was shortened with the increase of drying temperature. The drying time was 13 h at 28 ℃, and the relative dry weight of the flower bud was 22.98%and there was no significant difference between pollen activity and pollen released at 22 ℃ and 25 ℃.Conclusion The male pollen of Actinidia arguta can be collected in large quantities, and 2 d bud before flowering can be prefered, homogenized by homogenizer for 1 s, and then dried at 28 ℃, the pollen can be extracted by fine powder extraction mechanism.
Keywords: Actinidia arguta、male plant、pollen、loose powder characteristic
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