There’s gold in this kiwifruit of the vine 獼猴桃真是搖錢(qián)樹(shù) 看看新西蘭人怎么講的

There's gold in this kiwifruit of the vine 獼猴桃樹(shù)的果實(shí)里有金子

Quality control: Staff at DMS Pukepack scrutinise leaves for scale insect damage.

質(zhì)量控制：獼猴桃包裝廠的工作人員仔細(xì)檢查樹(shù)葉是否有鱗屑蟲(chóng)害。

▲g3 kiwi orchard testing

If a kiwifruit plant died and went to heaven, it could do worse than choose Te Puke as its final resting place.

如果一株獼猴桃植物死了，上了天堂，它可能會(huì)比選擇Tu puke作為最后的安息地。

▲陽(yáng)光金果g3獼猴桃

Free draining volcanic and alluvial soils enable vines to send their tap roots 15 metres deep into the earth to soak up moisture from aquifers.

排水良好的火山土和沖積土使獼猴桃根系能夠插入15米深的土壤中，以吸收含水層中的水分。

▲zespri kiwifruit

Sunshine hours are among the highest in the country, rainfall is plentiful, even the topography does its bit. In winter and spring numerous gullies draw cold air away from elevated orchards, minimising the risk of frosts.

日照時(shí)間是全國(guó)最高的，雨量充沛，即使是地形也能發(fā)揮作用。在冬季和春季，無(wú)數(shù)的溝渠將冷空氣從高高的果園中抽走，將霜凍風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降至最低。

▲zespri RubyRed▲

Pure gold: John Cook, with the new gold variety of kiwifruit that has been grafted on to the old rootstock.純金：約翰·庫(kù)克，在老砧木上嫁接了新的陽(yáng)光金果獼猴桃品種。

▲zespri redkiwi

Kiwifruit grower John Cook's vines are 40 years old and he has not yet had to replace them.

獼猴桃種植者約翰·庫(kù)克的獼猴桃樹(shù)已經(jīng)40年了，他還沒(méi)有更換。

"It's both a strength and weakness of our kiwifruit that we don't refresh the vines," he says.

“我們不更新葡萄藤既是我們獼猴桃的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)也是弱項(xiàng)，”他說(shuō)。

▲佳沛陽(yáng)光金果g3

In Italy the ground is humped and hollowed before planting in order to keep the vines' roots from getting too wet and rotting. Even so, the vines are replaced every eight to 10 years.

在意大利，在種植之前，為了防止藤蔓的根部變得過(guò)于潮濕和腐爛，地面被隆起和抬高。即便如此，獼猴桃樹(shù)每八到十年更換一次。

▲Red heart kiwi

New Zealand's chief kiwifruit competitor, Chile, has its own challenges. Last year a catastrophic frost devastated its crop. Normally it produces 180,000 tonnes of kiwifruit but last year's harvest plummeted to 100,000 tonnes. This compares with New Zealand's 350,000-tonne total, four-fifths of which is the green variety.

新西蘭獼猴桃的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手智利也有自己的挑戰(zhàn)。去年一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難性的霜凍毀壞了它的莊稼。正常情況下，它生產(chǎn)18萬(wàn)噸獼猴桃，但去年的收成暴跌至10萬(wàn)噸。相比之下，新西蘭的總產(chǎn)量為35萬(wàn)噸，其中五分之四是綠色品種。

▲紅心獼猴桃▲

A veteran of the kiwifruit business and a director in packers DMS Pukepack, Cook has ridden the highs and lows of the industry, now worth $904.6 million a year in exports.

庫(kù)克是獼猴桃行業(yè)的老手，也是DMS水果包裝廠的董事，他經(jīng)歷了該行業(yè)的高潮和低谷，現(xiàn)在每年的出口價(jià)值為9.046億美元。

▲sungold kiwi orchard

Perhaps his greatest trial was the arrival of the Psa virus, which devastated the gold variety in particular - the biggest earning variety - when it arrived toward the end of 2009.

也許他最大的考驗(yàn)是獼猴桃潰瘍病病毒的到來(lái)，當(dāng)它在2009年底到來(lái)時(shí)，它摧毀了黃金奇異果品種，尤其是收益最大的品種。

▲zespri kiwi propaganda

"It cost a third of our business. I had to sell houses and shares. We are all unhappy about it but proving it in court will be a big challenge," Cook says.

庫(kù)克說(shuō)：“這摧毀了我們?nèi)种坏墨J猴桃果園。我不得不賣(mài)掉房子和股票。我們都對(duì)此感到不滿，但在法庭上證明這一點(diǎn)將是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)?！薄?/p>

▲Kiwi pollination▲

The case Cook refers to is a claim for damages against the Government recently filed in the High Court. It charges that officials were negligent in allowing pollen infected with Psa to be imported.

庫(kù)克提到的案件是最近向高等法院提出的對(duì)政府的損害賠償要求。它指控官員在允許進(jìn)口感染獼猴桃潰瘍病的花粉時(shí)疏忽大意。

▲sungold g3 kiwi planting

Cook is not one of the plaintiffs involved in the case.庫(kù)克不是本案的原告之一。

Most growers are trying to put Psa behind them, and with the help of the new Gold3 variety, they are succeeding.

大多數(shù)種植者都試圖將Psa拋在身后，在新品種陽(yáng)光金果G3獼猴桃品種的幫助下，他們?nèi)〉昧顺晒Α?/p>

▲golden kiwi growing zone

Not only does Gold3 have a higher tolerance to Psa than the Gold16A it replaced, it has proved to be a third more productive.

陽(yáng)光金果G3獼猴桃不僅對(duì)獼猴桃潰瘍病的耐受性高于它所取代的Gold16A（也就是黃金奇異果），而且它的生產(chǎn)效率也提高了三分之一。

▲golden g3 kiwifruit

Cook is looking forward to a good harvest this year. Brix (sugar) levels are equivalent to last season's, which itself was a bumper harvest. "It's been a season of two halves - we had a windy, wet spring but a hot, dry summer," he says.

庫(kù)克期待今年有個(gè)好收成。糖度水平相當(dāng)于上一季的糖度水平，而上一季本身就是一個(gè)大豐收?！拔覀冇幸粋€(gè)多風(fēng)、潮濕的春天，但夏天又熱又干，總之克服的困難多多”他說(shuō)。

▲sungold g3 Kiwifruit packaging

Immediately Psa hit, some growers were advised to cut out the diseased parts of the plant and graft Gold3 on to the old rootstock. Unfortunately it was at the height of the growing season, and the plants did not take kindly to the treatment.

獼猴桃潰瘍病一出現(xiàn)，一些種植者就被建議砍掉獼猴桃的患病部分，并將陽(yáng)光金果G3獼猴桃移植到老砧木上。不幸的是，當(dāng)時(shí)正是獼猴桃生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)的高峰期，嫁接成活率并不高。

▲redKiwi sapling▲

Growers who waited until the vines were dormant achieved more success.

等到獼猴桃休眠再嫁接，種植者取得了很高的成活率。

Bee pollination costs $3000 per ha but growers also artificially pollinate their plants. They take male flowers, process them into a powder and blow them on to the female flowers.

蜜蜂授粉的成本為每公頃3000美元，但種植者也為他們的獼猴桃人工授粉。他們把獼猴桃雄花加工成粉末，然后吹到獼猴桃雌花上。

Cook has modified a leaf blower for the purpose, although he says artificial pollination is not the equal of bees.

庫(kù)克為此改裝了一臺(tái)吹風(fēng)式獼猴桃授粉機(jī)，盡管他說(shuō)人工授粉不等于蜜蜂。

▲Yellow kiwi orchard

For those who have managed to remain in the industry, the rewards are returning.

對(duì)于那些設(shè)法留在獼猴桃行業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，付出終于有了回報(bào)。

Green kiwifruit orchards now sell for $350,000 a ha, and gold for $500,000 a ha, higher than before Psa hit. And growers are being paid more for their crops.

綠色獼猴桃果園現(xiàn)在的售價(jià)為35萬(wàn)美元/公頃，陽(yáng)光金果果園的售價(jià)為50萬(wàn)美元/畝，高于獼猴桃潰瘍病上市前的價(jià)格。獼猴桃種植者獲得更多的報(bào)酬。

▲Yellow kiwi

In the December 2014 forecast, green orchard gate return per tray had increased to $5.91 - the highest per-tray returns since 2003.

在2014年12月的預(yù)測(cè)中，綠心獼猴桃種植園每個(gè)托盤(pán)的回報(bào)率已增至5.91美元，這是自2003年以來(lái)的最高回報(bào)率。

▲佳沛寶石紅奇異果

The forecast organic green per tray was $7.09, while the forecast gold price was $9.72.

預(yù)測(cè)每盤(pán)有機(jī)綠奇異果售價(jià)為7.09美元，而預(yù)測(cè)陽(yáng)光金果每盤(pán)的銷(xiāo)售價(jià)格為9.72美元。

Cook, who has experienced kiwifruit's turbulent "teenage years", welcomes the stability that has been achieved by the industry.

庫(kù)克經(jīng)歷了獼猴桃動(dòng)蕩的“青少期的躁動(dòng)”，他對(duì)獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)的穩(wěn)定表示歡迎。

* The writer's travel costs were paid for by Zespri.

▲佳沛陽(yáng)光金果