If you enjoy the kiwifruit typically found at supermarkets and have wondered about growing them yourself, you're in luck. Kiwifruit, also known as Actinidia deliciosa, can be grown in many home gardens under the right care and conditions. Native to Asia (not New Zealand, as many may assume), kiwifruit is a woody vine that can be used to cover an arbor or similar garden structure where it will be both aesthetically pleasing and productive.
▲sungold vine
如果你喜歡超市里常見的獼猴桃，并且想自己種，那你就幸運(yùn)了。獼猴桃，也稱為美味獼猴桃，在適當(dāng)?shù)淖o(hù)理和條件下可以在許多家庭花園中種植。獼猴桃原產(chǎn)于亞洲（不是許多人認(rèn)為的新西蘭），是一種木質(zhì)藤蔓植物，可以用來覆蓋喬木或類似的花園結(jié)構(gòu)，在那里既美觀又高產(chǎn)。
▲redkiwifruit▲
▲Kiwi seedlings▲
▲kiwifruit▲
▲golden kiwi growing zone
▲redkiwifruit▲
▲Kiwi planting▲
Best planted in early spring or late fall, kiwifruit will grow quickly in size, often adding between 6 to 12 feet a year. That being said, only mature female vines will produce fruit, and many won't do so until they're at least three years old. The best fruit production often occurs when the vine is eight years or older, and it can continue to produce for forty years or more.
獼猴桃最好在早春或晚秋種植，生長迅速，通常一年增加6到12英尺。也就是說，只有成熟的雌性藤蔓才會(huì)結(jié)果實(shí)，許多藤蔓至少要到三歲才能結(jié)果實(shí)。最好的果實(shí)產(chǎn)量通常出現(xiàn)在葡萄樹8年或更老的時(shí)候，并且可以持續(xù)生產(chǎn)40年或更長時(shí)間。
▲Kiwi sapling▲
Kiwifruit Care
Growing kiwifruit can be a bit involved, but the payout—tons of delicious, sweet fruits—is more than worth it. The fruit is actually classified as a berry, with each kiwi measuring about 3 inches long and shaped like an egg, with a fuzzy brown exterior. Kiwifruit vines are ideal to grow on a wooden structure such as a gazebo, trellis, pergola, arbor, or fence.
When planning where to plant your kiwifruit vine, make sure you have enough room and supports for at least two vines, since you will need both male and female plants for successful pollination of this dioecious species. The flowers can be cream or yellow in color and will have a slight perfume to them. Proper watering and pruning are especially important for kiwifruit vines since the fruit is formed on year-old wood.
▲golden kiwifruit▲
獼猴桃護(hù)理
種植獼猴桃可能有點(diǎn)牽扯其中，但付出數(shù)噸美味、甜美的水果是值得的。這種水果實(shí)際上被歸類為一種漿果，每個(gè)獼猴桃長約3英寸，形狀像一個(gè)雞蛋，外表呈模糊的棕色。獼猴桃藤最適合在露臺(tái)、棚架、涼棚、喬木或柵欄等木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上生長。
當(dāng)計(jì)劃在哪里種植獼猴桃藤時(shí)，確保你有足夠的空間和支持至少兩個(gè)藤蔓，因?yàn)槟阈枰坌院痛菩灾参飦沓晒κ诜圻@種雌雄異株物種。這些花可以是奶油色或黃色，并會(huì)有輕微的香水。適當(dāng)?shù)臐菜托藜魧?duì)獼猴桃藤來說尤其重要，因?yàn)楣麑?shí)是在年久的木材上形成的。
▲Kiwi packaging▲
Light
Plant your kiwifruit vine somewhere where it can receive full sun or partial shade throughout the year. The more sun the plant gets, the better its fruit production will be, and you should aim for at least eight hours of light a day.
光
把你的獼猴桃藤種在一個(gè)全年都可以接受充分陽光或部分遮蔭的地方。植物獲得的陽光越多，其果實(shí)產(chǎn)量就會(huì)越好，你應(yīng)該每天保持至少8小時(shí)的光照。
▲Kiwifruit planting▲
▲紅心獼猴桃▲
Soil
Kiwifruit vines prefer soil that is acidic, with a pH level between 5.0 and 6.8. When it comes to soil composition, the vine isn't super picky but does best in a blend that is fertile, moist, and well-draining. When planting your vines, space each one approximately 10 feet apart to give them plenty of room to grow and thrive.
土壤
獼猴桃藤更喜歡酸性土壤，pH值在5.0到6.8之間。就土壤成分而言，獼猴桃藤不太挑剔，但在肥沃、潮濕、排水良好的混合土壤中表現(xiàn)最好。種植藤蔓時(shí)，每個(gè)藤蔓相距約10英尺，以給它們足夠的空間生長和茁壯成長。
▲獼猴桃▲
Water
Your kiwifruit vines will need consistent watering and are not at all tolerant of drought. Because of this, you should never allow their soil to dry out. That being said, they also don't like wet feet, making well-draining soil especially imperative. If you notice any browning or drooping leaves on the vine, that's usually a sign that your plant could use more water.
水
你的獼猴桃藤需要持續(xù)澆水，而且根本不耐旱。因此，你永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該讓他們的土壤變干。也就是說，他們也不喜歡濕腳，這使得排水良好的土壤尤為必要。如果你注意到藤蔓上有任何褐變或下垂的葉子，這通常表明你的植物可能需要更多的水。
▲奇異果▲
Temperature and Humidity
True to their semi-tropical nature, kiwifruit prefers moderate temperatures, though they do need a period of cold (around 45 degrees Fahrenheit for at least a month) to set fruit. Additionally, the vines can tolerate hot summer temperatures up to 114 degrees Fahrenheit, though they will need additional water to compensate. When it comes to humidity needs, kiwifruit has no special requirements and will do just fine in the humidity levels of their USDA hardiness zones.
溫度和濕度
盡管獼猴桃需要一段時(shí)間的寒冷（大約45華氏度，至少一個(gè)月）才能結(jié)果實(shí)，但由于其亞熱帶性質(zhì)，獼猴桃更喜歡溫和的溫度。此外，這些藤蔓可以承受高達(dá)114華氏度的夏季高溫，盡管它們需要額外的水來補(bǔ)償。當(dāng)談到濕度需求時(shí)，獼猴桃沒有特殊要求，在美國農(nóng)業(yè)部抗逆性區(qū)的濕度水平下表現(xiàn)良好。
▲Kiwi orchard▲
Fertilizer
Kiwifruit vines do best when planted in soil that is high in organic matter and nitrogen. If nitrogen isn't present in your soil upon testing, you'll want to amend your mixture with a fertilizer high in the nutrient. Regular feedings are especially important as the vine is growing and getting established. Plan to feed your plant upon planting, in early spring, and in summer after the flowers die off using a slow-release all-purpose fertilizer blend.
肥料
獼猴桃藤種植在有機(jī)質(zhì)和氮含量高的土壤中效果最好。如果測試時(shí)土壤中沒有氮，你需要用高營養(yǎng)的肥料來改良混合物。隨著葡萄樹的生長和成熟，定期喂食尤為重要。計(jì)劃在種植時(shí)、早春和花朵凋謝后的夏天使用緩釋多用途肥料混合物喂養(yǎng)植物。
▲Kiwi pollen▲
Pruning Kiwifruit
Properly pruning your kiwifruit vines not only helps encourage more fruit growth but also ensures the vines don't become unruly. Starting with a strong framework (via a trellis or other structure) is essential—from there, trim around the main stem frequently until it grows tall enough to begin to form a canopy overhead. The best time to prune your kiwifruit vine is during the winter season when the plant is dormant.
修剪獼猴桃
適當(dāng)修剪你的獼猴桃藤不僅有助于促進(jìn)更多的水果生長，而且還能確保藤不會(huì)變得不規(guī)則。從那里開始，必須有一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的框架（通過網(wǎng)格或其他結(jié)構(gòu)），經(jīng)常修剪主莖周圍，直到它長得足夠高，開始在頭頂形成樹冠。修剪獼猴桃藤的最佳時(shí)間是在植物休眠的冬季。
▲Golden kiwifruit▲
Common Pests and Diseases
Kiwifruit vines are susceptible to a variety of common pests like spider mites and thrips, both of which can be easily controlled with horticultural oil. Another common issue for kiwifruit vines are pests that feed on the plant's fruit, mainly leafroller caterpillars and Japanese beetles. Your best bet is to pick the fruit frequently and encourage birds, which are natural predators of these bugs, to visit your garden.
常見病蟲害
獼猴桃藤易受多種常見害蟲的影響，如蜘蛛和薊馬，這兩種害蟲都可以用園藝油輕易控制。獼猴桃藤的另一個(gè)常見問題是以獼猴桃果實(shí)為食的害蟲，主要是卷葉蛾和日本甲蟲。你最好的選擇是經(jīng)常摘水果，并鼓勵(lì)鳥類來參觀你的花園。鳥類是這些蟲子的天敵。
作者介紹：Vanessa Richins-Myers是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的園藝家、作家和教育家，擁有超過10年的專業(yè)園藝師和園丁培訓(xùn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。她擁有園藝學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，主修景觀設(shè)計(jì)和城市園藝。她志愿擔(dān)任社區(qū)花園專家。
▲Kiwi pollination▲
▲redkiwifruit▲
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